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Chinese hamsters are a kind of valuable laboratory animal resources and play an important role in medical,genetics and pharmaceutical research. More and more biological characteristics of Chinese hamsters have been discovered with in-depth research,and many Chinese hamster models have been established so far. This paper is a brief overview of the development and research progress of Chinese hamsters and their application in taxonomy and medical research.
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Objective To study the expression and significance of apoptosis-related genes caspase-3,caspase-9,Bax and Bcl-2 in oral normal mucosa,oral simple hyperplasia,oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) in Chinese hamsters.Methods The expressions of mRNA and protein of caspase-3,caspase-9,Bax and Bcl-2 in the oral normal mucosa,oral simple hyperplasia,oral epithelial dysplasia and OSCC tissues in Chinese hamsters were examined by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.Results During the process of oral carcinogenesis,the expression of Bcl-2 protein was significantly higher in OSCC than in oral normal mucosa,oral simple hyperplasia,and oral epithelial dysplasia (P<0.05).In dysplastic epithelia,the protein expressions of caspase-3,caspase-9 and Bax were more than that of normal epithelia,and along with the increased dysplasis,the expression level was decreased.Further analysis showed that expression of Bcl-2 was negatively related with the expressions of Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 (P<0.05).The result of RT-PCR showed that Bcl-2 was significantly increased in OSCC compared with normal mucosa,while the expressions of caspase-3,caspase-9 and Bax were decreased (P<0.05).Conclusions In the Chinese hamster squamous carcinoma,the expressions of caspase-3,caspase-9 and Bax are reduced and the Bcl-2 expression are increased,indicating that the expressions of caspase-3,caspase-9,Bax and Bcl-2 are closely related with the occurrence and development of oral squamous cell cancinoma.This study can offer some clues for gene therapy of OSCC,or can provide a reference for evaluating the biological characteristics and prognosis of OSCC.
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Chinese hamster is an important laboratory animal in medical and biological researches,but the molecular genetic markers research was rarely reported.In our study the base composition,gene structure,genetic evolution and other characteristics of mitochondrial genome of Chinese hamster were analyzed using the methods of bioinformatics and comparative genomics,genetic quality detection system of Chinese hamster were also established.These results would supply genome data for animal models of human diseases,and lay the foundation for scientific evaluation and reasonable utilization.
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[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To observe the changes of perilipin and adipose differentiation-related protein ( ADRP) du-ring the development of diabetes mellitus and to explore the effect of perilipin and ADRP on abnormal glucose metabolism with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD) .METHODS:The rat model of impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT) was in-duced by feeding high-fat diet, and the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model was induced by feeding high-fat diet for 4 weeks and intraperitoneally injecting streptozotocin.The morphological change of the liver tissue was observed under optical microscope.The serum contents of perilipin and ADRP were measured by ELISA.The mRNA expression of perilipin and ADRP in the liver tissues was detected by real-time PCR.The protein expression of ADRP in the liver tissues was deter-mined by Western blotting.RESULTS:HE staining showed steatosis in the liver of the rats in IGT group was more serious than that in T2DM group.The biochemical and the pathological processes of rat models were consistent with the clinical feature of related diseases.The serum content of perilipin had no difference among various groups.The mRNA expression of perilipin in IGT group and T2DM group was significantly higher than that in control group.Compared with IGT group, the mRNA expression of perilipin in T2DM group was significantly increased.The serum content of ADRP in T2DM group was significantly lower than that in control group.The mRNA and protein expression of ADRP in model groups was signifi-cantly lower than that in control group.Compared with IGT group, the mRNA expression of ADRP in T2DM group was sig-nificantly reduced.CONCLUSION: The serum content of ADRP plays a role in the development and progression of T2DM.It is negatively correlated with HOMA-IR.NAFLD occurs during progression of abnormal glucose metabolism in-duced by feeding high-fat diet.The development of abnormal glucose metabolism with NAFLD is probably related to the in-creased expression of perilipin and the reduced expression of ADRP.
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Objective To study and evaluate mini-titanum-plates the effects applied to four limbs bone and joint fracture.Methods 132 patients in our hospital suffered from four limbs fractures treated with open reduction internal fixation of Medicon mini-plate from February 2004 to June 2013 were studied retrospectively,including 60 cases of metacarpal and phalanx fracture(93 lesions),37 cases of metatarsal and phalanx fracture(62 lesions),15 cases of radial head fracture,9 cases of scaphoid fracture,4 cases of coronoid process of ulna fracture,4 cases of patella frature,3 cases of condyles of femur.Results Clinical outcomes:hands and feet group:follow-up postoperative 8-12 months,evaluation results showed that excellent was 78cases,good was 66cases,poor was 11cases,good rate was 92.9％.group of radius head fracture:Fractures got osteal union after 6 months to 1 year.good rate was 93.3％.group of scaphoid bone fracture:Fractures got osteal healing.all cases adopt improved Mayo Evaluation Wrist Function to evaluate,good rate was 88.9％.Including 4 cases of Coronoid process of ulna fracture,4 cases of patella fracture,3 cases of femoral condylar fracture,the excellent good rates was 100％.Conclusions Metacarpal and metatarsals phalanx fracture treated with mini-plate can get reduction anatomically,control rotation,prevent malformation and keep compression,they are the ideal internal fixation material;free fragments for intra-articular fracture fixed by mini-titanum-plate and screws can get reduction precisely,be fixed satisfactory,also can choose the appropriate application.
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Objective To investigate the expression changes of macrophage migration inhibitory factor( MIF) and C-Jun N-terminal kinase ( JNK) in the liver of rat with abnormal glucose metabolism and explore the pathological mecha-nism of abnormal glucose metabolism with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD) .Methods Sixty SD rats were ran-domly divided into impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) model group (n=20), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model group (n=20), IGT control group (n=10) and T2DM control group (n=10).IGT models were produced by feeding high-fat diet, T2DM models were produced by feeding high-fat diet for 4 weeks and intraperitoneally injected streptozotocin. Liver cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining.The expression of MIF mRNA in liver tissue was determined by real-time PCR.The expressions of MIF, caspase-3, JNK proteins and phosphorylated JNK(p-JNK)in the liver tissue were de-termined by Western blotting.Results Apoptotic cells were obviously increased in the IGT and T2DM groups.Expression of MIF mRNA in the IGT and T2DM groups was markedly higher than that in the control group, respectively (P<0.01). The expressions of MIF, caspase-3, JNK proteins and phosphorylated JNK were markedly higher than that of the control group, respectively (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The expressions of MIF, caspase-3, JNK proteins in the T2DM group were significantly decreased compared with those of the IGT group, while the expression of phosphorylated JNK was significantly higher ( P<0.01) .Conclusions Abnormal glucose metabolism accompanied with NAFLD is probably related to the in-crease of MIF, Caspase-3, JNK and phosphorylated JNK expression.
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Objective To construct the lamino acid transporter 1 eukaryotic expression vector of C 57 mouse and to express the gene inNeuro-2atumor cells,and explore the effect of LAT1on proliferation and apoptosis of Neuro-2a cell. Methods The full-length LAT1 cDNA was synthesized by RT-PCR and cloned into pcDNA3.1vector to construct recombinant plasmid.The constructed pcDNA3.1-LAT1vector was verified by Enzyme digestion and sequencing and then transfected intomurine Neuro-2acellsby liposome.The transfected cells were selected with G418 and stably expressed strain was constructed .The expression of LAT1 was detected by RT-PCR and western blot .Proliferation was analyzed by MTT , cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometric analysis .Results The full-length LAT1 cDNA was amplified successfully and pcDNA3.1-LAT1eukaryoticvector was constructed successfully .Enzyme digestion and sequencing confirmed the sequence was correct .Neuro-2acells were transfected and Stably expressed strain was constructed successfully.MTT showed that the group of transfected restructuring plasmid could significantly affect Neuro -2a cell proliferation more than the control groups ( P <0.05 ) .From the flowcytometric analysis , LAT1 could promote cell proliferation and inhibit Neuro-2a cell apoptosis.Conclusion LAT1 can express successfully inNeuro-2acells which were transfected with recombinantpcDNA3.1-LAT1plasmid.LAT1 in Neuro-2a cells can promote cell proliferation and inhibit the cell apoptosis which provides a basis for the study of LAT 1.That lays the foundation for studying biological effects of LAT 1.
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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of clinical rotation training in pain department for general practitioner.Methods Totally 31 general practitioners of 3 years program in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were involved in clinical rotation training in pain department form August 2008 to December 2011.Training lasted for one month.Clinical rotation training in pain department was conducted for general practitioners by studying rules and regulations,treatment methods,imaging data and clinical practice.Evaluation was made according to the treatment,theoretical knowledge,interpersonal skill and professional competency of general practitioners.Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ((-x) ± s) while enumeration data were expressed as rate.Descriptive analysis of the data was used.Results Average total number of patients managed by 31 general practitioners was (15 ± 2),average total number of disease species was (5 ±2),average number of case discussion and small lecture participated was 1 ～2,average number of nerve block participated as assistant was (40 ± 5) and average number of minimally invasive surgery visited and studied was (2 ± 2).Residency duties were skillfully completed and assessment score was (85 ± 4.50).Conclusions Through clinical rotation training,general practitioners can understand common disease diagnosis and treatment category; familiarize clinical evaluation methods and master standards of diagnosis and treatment in pain department.Meanwhile,they would learn doctor-patient communication to establish a good therapeutic relationship with patients.
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Abstract Objective:To better understand the regulatory mechanism of Pax-5 gene expression on B-cell differentation and development.Methods:The isolation and genomic colning of the 5'-flanking region of Pax-5 gene were carried out according to established protocols: molecu-lar cloning and subcloning The nucleotide sequences were determined by a double-stranded dideoxy sequencing method. Sequence analysis wasperformed on line programs. Results:Analysis of tha total sequence(6 671 bp) shows the proximal promoter include 3 CAT boxes, 1SP1 and 1Ebox. However, there was no consensus sequence for a TATA box in the 5'-flanking region. Putative regulatory sites of further upstream in thesequence revealed 6LMO2 COM, 5NFAT, 2LPOLYA-B, 3GATA1, 2AP4, 10MZF1, 1ets1B, 1GATA3, 1NKX-25, 2RORA1, 1LYF1, 2Ikaros2,2TCF11 , 1GATA-C and 1FREAC7. Conclusion: The 5'-flanking regionn of human Pax-5 gene exon1B could be involved in regulating the expres-sion of human Pax5 and B-cell differentiation and development.